Random number generation is an essential capability with wide-ranging applications, including cryptography, data security, statistical analysis, and video gaming. However, generating truly random numbers remains a challenge. Conventional random number generators (RNGs) often rely on deterministic algorithms, making their output predictable if the initial state or operational sequence is known.

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) offer a revolutionary solution by leveraging the inherent unpredictability of quantum processes to produce genuine randomness. These devices exploit the principles of quantum mechanics—specifically, the probabilistic behavior of quantum particles—to achieve randomness that is both information-theoretically secure and provably unpredictable. A prime example of this is using a single photon interacting with a 50:50 beam splitter, where its path choice (reflection or transmission) provides the basis for generating random bits.

Our QRNG research focuses on advancing the capabilities of these systems by utilizing photonics to generate and manipulate single photons from sources such as Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC) or quantum emitters. These photons serve as the fundamental resource for producing high-rate, entanglement-certified random numbers. Through innovative techniques, we aim to ensure the randomness is generated efficiently, securely, and at a speed suitable for modern applications.

The impact of QRNGs extends beyond cryptographic security. Their ability to provide genuinely unpredictable random numbers holds promise for a variety of fields, from enhancing simulations in statistical modeling to improving fairness in gaming and lotteries. By developing scalable, fast, and secure QRNG technologies, we contribute to the next generation of quantum-enabled tools that redefine the standards of randomness, paving the way for secure and reliable applications across industries.

Gravimetry is the science of measuring and quantifying the strength of a gravitational field. The sensors used for these measurements are known as gravimeters. Quantum gravimeters, in particular, leverage quantum effects to measure gravitational acceleration with high precision.

The concept of wave-particle duality, formulated by Louis de Broglie, suggests that particles exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. Atomic physicists exploit these quantum effects to develop quantum sensors based on matter-wave interferometry. In this project, we aim to combine the existing knowledge of such interferometers with state-of-the-art optically engineered lasers to enhance the sensitivity and precision of quantum sensors for inertial sensing, specifically gravity sensing.

Our approach involves trapping Rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap and cooling them to microkelvin temperatures using pairs of counter-propagating, frequency-tuned lasers. We employ a Raman pulse scheme to split the atomic wave function into a superposition of two momentum states, effectively creating two groups of atoms that follow different paths while free-falling under gravity. During free fall, another pulse reverses their momentum and direction of propagation, causing the two groups of atoms to converge and close the interferometer. A final pulse is then applied to produce an interference fringe, which reflects the ground state population probability fluctuations as a function of phase. This fringe carries the signature of gravity or acceleration.

We also aim to develop a broadband optical coherent control benefiting cold atom interferometry.

Earth's gravitational field varies with time and location, and precise information about these variations is crucial for many geophysical activities. For example, wise, accurate gravity and acceleration data can provide insights into gravity fluctuations caused by construction activities, as well as the presence of oil and mineral deposits. This, in turn, can lead to more accurate mapping of underground water currents, improved surveying techniques, and the development of satellite-free navigation systems.

The future quantum internet will revolutionize global connectivity by enabling the secure transmission of information through quantum bits (qubits), harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. At QC2's Quantum Communication Group, we are at the forefront of developing technologies to facilitate secure quantum communication and advance the realization of a quantum internet.

Our work focuses on creating a comprehensive control stack and innovative applications for the quantum internet while conducting experimental demonstrations compatible with existing telecom infrastructure. A key milestone in our mission is the establishment of Qatar’s first Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Testbed. This testbed uses entangled photons generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion to securely distribute encryption keys, ensuring that any eavesdropping attempts can be detected.

Initially, the QKD Testbed will establish a secure connection between two locations, laying the groundwork for a scalable network by integrating additional quantum nodes. This effort not only enhances the functionality and reach of the QKD network but also represents a significant step toward building the infrastructure necessary for entanglement-based QKD. These advancements promise transformative applications, most notably the ability to ensure private, tamper-proof communication.

By pioneering secure quantum communication technologies, QC2 is contributing to the global effort to build a future where the quantum internet revolutionizes how we connect and share information securely.