A Hall Effect Measurement System (HEMS) is a powerful scientific instrument used to measure the electrical properties of materials. It uses the Hall Effect, a physical phenomenon discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879, to measure the voltage generated when a current flows through a material placed in a magnetic field. The HEMS system typically consists of a sample holder, a magnet, a current source, and a voltmeter.

Contact angle measurement is a powerful technique used to determine the wetting properties of a solid surface. It measures the angle formed by the tangent to the liquid-solid interface at the point where a liquid droplet meets a solid surface. The contact angle is a crucial parameter in understanding the interaction between a liquid and a solid surface, and it is widely used in many scientific and industrial applications.

The PP 40 is a programmable press that goes up to 40 t. It allows Ø 40 mm pellets to be made using exactly defined routines and pressure parameters (maximum pressure, ramp up, ramp down and holding time) resulting in repeatable quality.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a powerful analytical technique widely used to determine the chemical composition of a sample. XRF is based on the interaction of X-rays with the electrons of atoms in a sample, which creates a fluorescent Xray with a discrete energy characteristic of the atom and its chemical environment. The emitted X-rays are then measured by a detector, and the intensity and energy of the X-rays provide information about the elements present in the sample.

Retsch AS 200: The AS 200 is a programmable sieve shaker that sorts powder samples by particle size.

Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD) is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the atomic and molecular arrangements within crystalline materials. It is based on the interaction of X-rays with electrons in crystalline materials, which produces a diffraction pattern that can be analyzed to obtain detailed information about the crystal structure. A perfect crystal possesses many periodically arranged blocks, or unit cells, in a three-dimensional lattice.

Rheology is a complex field that involves the study of the flow and deformation of materials. It is used in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. Understanding the rheological behavior of materials is critical to the development of new products and processes, and to the optimization of existing ones.