Confocal laser microscopy is an advanced optical imaging technique that provides high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) images of a sample's surface or internal structure. It is widely used in various fields such as materials science, semiconductor inspection, and biological research. The key principle of confocal laser microscopy is the utilization of a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light, which significantly improves the axial resolution and image contrast compared to conventional wide-field microscopy.